Test Writing (4)

11.1 Đọc đoạn văn sau, dịch sang tiếng Việt và thực hiện các yêu cầu ở các câu hỏi tiếp theo

“The researcher utilized block-entry regression analysis to determine the impacts of teacher characteristics, school characteristics, organizational characteristics, and teacher efficacy on retention in teaching from 782 teacher surveys. Findings indicated that 83.50% of participants planned to teach until retirement. Wald statistics indicated that years teaching experience, socioeconomic status (SES), salary and workload, parent and student, and technology all made statistically significant contributions to the model. Contrary to existing literature, the findings indicated that teachers in the lowest SES schools were more likely to continue teaching until retirement than teachers in the highest SES schools. The data seemed to indicate that schools in this study interested in increasing teacher retention rates should consider increasing salaries, reducing their workloads, and strive to improve parent and student participation and cooperation levels.”
(Source: Hughes 2012, Teacher retention: Teacher characteristics, school characteristics, organizational characteristics, and teacher efficacy, The Journal of Educational Research)

11.2 Paraphrase đoạn văn vừa rồi

11.3 Tóm tắt đoạn văn trên bằng tiếng Anh

12.1. Đọc đoạn văn sau, dịch sang tiếng Việt và thực hiện các yêu cầu ở các câu hỏi tiếp theo

“Students in rural and urban areas in Tanzania, and elsewhere in Africa, continue to have limited or lack access to culturally and employment-relevant science education. The current case study, a 2007–2009 examination of barriers to the reform movement of science education in Tanzania, uses data from interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and a survey questionnaire. Areas of interest included overcrowding, lack of textbooks, a general low or inadequate access to education, irrelevant curricula, poor learning outcomes, and weak links to general employment options. The study discusses these barriers and their influence in thwarting implementation of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education in Tanzania. The totality of data constitutes a case study that results in proposing an instructional model called iSPACES (which stands for Innovation, Science, Practicals, Application, Conceptualization, Entrepreneurship and Systems), that encompasses core principles of science, systems thinking, and entrepreneurship.”
(Source: Semali & Mehta 2012, Science education in Tanzania: Challenges and policy responses, International Journal of Educational Research)

12.2. Tóm tắt lại đoạn văn trên bằng 2 câu tiếng Anh

12.3 Paraphrase lại 2 câu anh chị vừa tóm tắt

13.1 Đọc đoạn văn sau, dịch sang tiếng Việt và thực hiện các yêu cầu ở các câu hỏi tiếp theo

“With globalisation trends, the emigration of highly skilled persons from developing countries has significantly increased. The implication of this movement of skilled labour (termed as ‘the brain drain’) has emerged as an important issue of international debate in recent years. The objective of the paper is to look at different possible policy responses which can minimize its adverse effects, and which can promote the sharing of gains between source and host countries. The paper focuses on three policy approaches: retention, return and circulation of skills. It argues that the best strategy to deal with the problem of loss of skilled labour is one based on the concept of circulation of skills, which yields mutual benefits for both sending and host countries. The paper highlights several measures that can facilitate the process of circulation, including greater cooperation between countries of origin and host countries than observed at present.”
(Source: Wickramasekara 2003, Policy responses to skilled migration: Retention, return and circulation, Geneva: International Labour Organization)

13.2. Tóm tắt đoạn văn trên bằng 2 câu tiếng Anh

13.3 Paraphrase lại 02 câu anh chị vừa tóm tắt